Social Unrest, Political Disorder and the State Essay

Social Unrest, Political Disorder and the State - Essay Example Such simple arrangement came because of the detachment which Ireland had because of its land area. Much the same as any composed wrongdoing gathering or a fear monger gathering, the IRA has a strategy for working in a progressive way with selective participation and unequivocal guidelines (Mahan and O’Neil 1998, p.6) Although, IRA doesn't believe itself to be a sorted out criminal gathering in any capacity, neither as a mafia of any kind, however when dissected intently, it appears to have a chronicled foundation of being associated with crimes and psychological warfare. However, they have advanced from just a provincial worker insurance gathering to a mystery society which continually tested against business as usual. As per Mackenzie, there are various plans which mystery social orders have, extending from otherworldly, moralistic, energetic, and political to crimes (Mackenzie 1967). The IRA has encountered a comparative procedure of development throughout the years and work ed in a relating way in every one of the cases according to conditions. Besides, the IRA shares hierarchical qualities which befit just criminal business bunches with much center redirected towards their political objectives (Bell, 1997). For the reasons for dissecting the IRA and its system, ethnographical research strategy is regarded to be generally suitable. As per Hobsbawm’s perception (1969), in any persecuted society, there is consistently to be discovered a minority bunch which is happy to commit itself to defying the state of affairs. In that, a few people will pick constructive techniques and some will be slanted towards illicit intends to accomplish a similar end. One element that hangs out in the IRA is that it was fundamentally framed to speak more loudly against mistreating states of the workers in Ireland and the high level of medieval practices to smother the majority There was gigantic distress particularly after the intense 1800 Act of Union was passed by We stminster to make United Kingdom, which wound up restricting Ireland under its standard. This is a critical bend at the purpose of which the worker security bunch was constrained to make political move (Toolis, 1995). As there expanded the quantity of workers ready to battle for the political reason they all had faith in, the requirement for progressively sorted out development emerged and subsequently, the IRA was framed. ‘The Whiteboys’ and ‘the Oakboys’ alongside ‘phoenix’ were a forerunner in Ireland for framing such various leveled bunches for union and association with improved advancement. It turned into a sub-culture inside a sub-culture (Lambart, 2010). Something that gives them authority is their capacity to corner viciousness in their individual networks. Customarily, Ireland is known for its familial unit and fellowship, thus the ascent of the IRA has its underlying foundations in such a foundation. The individuals who were out of a ny safe methods for job looked for cover in such associations for shared security (Collins, 1986). The business as usual of the IRA relies upon the connection and fellowship arranges that it has created through rehearsing its hang on its locale. In the event that there is kept no check from the government’s side on their exercises, they spread their qualities and belief systems without any problem. Indeed, even there had been such lucky chronicled occasions for the IRA where their sub-culture has multiplied with evolving

Should Young Offenders Be Tried as Adults?

Should Young Offenders Be Tried as Adults? Before Victorian occasions there were no age locale for youthful wrongdoers and all who got in a tough situation with the law were send to grown-up jails. In our days wrongdoing is all over, kids and youngsters making violations beginning from medications and posses right to kill. Youthful guilty parties carrying out an ever increasing number of wrongdoings nowadays. For most youngsters and youngsters, falling into difficulty is a piece of the ordinary business of growing up, testing the limits and discovering ones spot on the planet. There are numerous reasons why kids and youthful people begin perpetrating wrongdoings: savagery at home, cash issues, exhausted arch, learning issues, poor lodging, accessibility of liquor and medications, companions impact, low evaluations at school and so forth. Should kids and youthful wrongdoers be dealt with uniquely in contrast to grown-ups? Social reformers battled to shield kids from risk and misuse. One of their key requests was that kids ought to be expelled from the grown-up jail framework and set in secretly oversaw establishments. Mary Carpenter, who contended that three sorts of establishments were required, free schools for the denied, mechanical schools for youthful transients and hobos, and reformatories for sentenced adolescents. (Rutheford, 1986) In England and Wales no kid might be liable of a criminal offense underneath the age of ten. Between the ages of ten and eighteen, youthful guilty parties are managed in what is currently alluded to the young court, recognizable in style and approach from the grown-up judges courts, which along with the Crown court, manage wrongdoers matured 18 or above. (Newburn, 2007) Children who are under ten years of age are not mindful and can't be held for their wrongdoings, they are excessively youthful of comprehension of outcomes of their activities, anyway in our general public today we hear more kids under age of ten perpetrating intense violations which they ought not be doing. For instance The Young siblings who exposed two different young men to an hour and a half assault including torment and sexual mortification the pair were imprisoned in January this year to serve at any rate five years. The media secured the case widely. The directing Judge had set a base detainment time of five years, in light of the fact that the hazard the litigants presented to the general population and their absence of evident regret implied that they were probably going to be bolted away for extensively more. (www.guardian.co.uk )The sentences gave to the two siblings who exposed a couple of young men to an assault including delayed savage savagery and sexual embarrassment, were suitable and won't be alluded to the court of advance, as per the announcement gave by lawyer general Lady Scotland. The preliminary appointed authority, Mr Justice Keith, imprisoned the sibl ings, for at least five years, yet the sentences were vague, which means they must be discharged if the specialists accept they represent no danger to society. It is essential to take note of that for this situation the youngster insurance administrations had bombed people in general. On the off chance that the office had made a move against the culprits and made intensive examination as the young men had a long record of savage assaults against other youngsters and grown-ups, this would have been forestalled. Youth between age 14 17 are completely liable for wrongdoings they perpetrate, however they are dealt with uniquely in contrast to grown-ups, then again if youthful guilty parties can carry out grown-up violations why they ought to be dealt with in an unexpected way? Newburn brings up a large number of the social reformers in the nineteenth century who crusaded to shield youngsters from peril and misuse requested that they ought to be expelled from the grown-up jail framework and set in state subsidized establishments. (Newburn, 2007) Children Act 1908 banned under 14s from jail and confined the detainment of 14 - 15 years of age. Youngsters with experience of care are probably going to be the most in danger of reoffending. This is on the grounds that they are regularly the most withdrawn from instruction, preparing and business, and are bound to abuse medications and liquor and have psychological wellness issues, which are all realize chance elements (Martin Stephenson, 2007). On th e off chance that youthful guilty parties will be dealt with a similar path as grown-ups it is more probable they will carry out violations once more, since they will be discharged from grown-ups jail and will have distinctive perspective at that point acknowledging from adolescent jail or care. Sway Holman brings up that the transition to bolt up youngsters mirrored a pattern among grown-up guilty parties. Between December 1992 and December 1993, the extent of wrongdoers imprisoned by Crown courts rose from 40 percent to 52 percent, with the jail populace arriving at a record almost 50,000. Guardianship must have a spot in any equity framework. A few people are so fierce, so criminal, that their freedom must be expelled so as to ensure others. (Holman, 1995) The Crime and confusion Act 1998 rolled out huge improvements the manner in which England and Wales courts are managing youthful guilty parties. Under rule, kids matured 10 to 13 were ventured to be unequipped for criminal expectation except if this purpose was demonstrated past sensible uncertainty. Since the 1998 Act there is not, at this point any lawful necessity for the criminal courts to assess a childs age while surveying their culpability. (Hayden, 2007) The number of inhabitants in youngsters housed in detainment facilities and other secure convenience is exceedingly poor. Right around 33% of youthful wrongdoers in authority have psychological wellness issues and over half have marginal learning challenges. The outcome is that kids in guardianship regularly have proficiency and numeracy ages about four to five years beneath their sequential ages. 33% was detailing that they ingest medications not get high, yet just to feel typical (Newburn, 2007) . The British Survey discover that prior year entering jail 13 percent of male youthful wrongdoers on remand and 11 percent of those condemned to guardianship has gotten help or treatment for a psychological or passionate issue. (Newburn, 2007) Taking everything into account youngsters and youths havent been constantly treated all that uniquely in contrast to grown-ups. Pre-adult is the period where youngsters seem to take part in against social exercises including wrongdoing. For the larger part there is a stamped fall in criminal conduct during early grown-up life, however a minority keeps on continuing in their culpable carrees. From various perspectives, consequently, comparable to controlling wrongdoing, the point has been the administration of this difficult populace. For the entire of the only remaining century and into this, youngsters and youthful guilty parties have additionally been viewed as a gathering requiring a methodology not quite the same as that utilized with grown-ups. (Newburn, 2007) Reference index www.homeoffice.gov.ukâ www.guardian.co.ukâ Hayden, C. (2007). Youngsters in a tough situation. New York: Palgrave Macmillanâ Holman, B. (1995). Youngsters Crime. Lion Publishing plcâ Martin Stephenson, H. G. (2007). Powerful Practice in Youth Justice. Canada: Willan Publishing Newburn, T. (2007). Criminology. Canada: Willan Publishingâ Rutheford, A. (1986). Becoming out of wrongdoing: Society and Young individuals in a difficult situation. Penguin

The Hawthorne Effect and Behavioral Studies

The Hawthorne Effect and Behavioral Studies Basics Print The Hawthorne Effect and Behavioral Studies By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 15, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on November 11, 2018 Nick David / Getty Images More in Psychology Basics Psychotherapy Student Resources History and Biographies Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming The  Hawthorne effect  is a term referring to the tendency of some people to work harder and perform better when they are participants in an experiment. The term is often used to suggest that individuals may change their behavior due to the attention they are receiving from researchers rather than because of any manipulation of independent variables. The Hawthorne effect has been widely discussed in psychology textbooks, particularly those devoted to industrial and organizational psychology. However, some of the more recent findings suggest that many of the original claims made about the effect may be overstated. A Brief History of the Hawthorne Effect The effect was first described in the 1950s by researcher Henry A. Landsberger during his analysis of experiments conducted during the 1920s and 1930s. The phenomenon is named after the location where the experiments took place, Western Electric’s Hawthorne Works electric company just outside of Hawthorne, Illinois. The electric company had commissioned research to determine if there was a relationship between productivity and work environments. The original purpose of the Hawthorne studies was to examine how different aspects of the work environment, such as lighting, the timing of breaks, and the length of the workday, had on worker productivity. In the most famous of the experiments, the focus of the study was to determine if increasing or decreasing the amount of light that workers received would have an effect on how productive workers were during their shifts. Employee productivity seemed to increase due to the changes but then decreased once the experiment was over. What the researchers in the original studies found was that almost any change to the experimental conditions led to increases in productivity. When illumination was decreased to the levels of candlelight, production increased. In other variations of the experiments, the production also improved when breaks were eliminated entirely and when the workday was lengthened. The results were surprising and the researchers concluded at the time that workers were actually responding to the increased attention from their supervisors. Researchers suggested that productivity increased due to attention and not because of changes in the experimental variables. Landsberger defined the Hawthorne effect as a short-term improvement in performance caused by observing workers. Researchers and managers quickly latched on to these findings, but later research has shown that these initial conclusions did not convey what really happening. The term Hawthorne effect remains widely in use to describe increases in productivity due to participate in a study, yet additional studies have often offered little support or have even failed to find the effect at all. More Recent Research on the Hawthorne Effect Later research into the Hawthorne effect has suggested that the original results may have been overstated. In 2009, researchers at the University of Chicago reanalyzed the original data and found that other factors also played a role in productivity and that the effect originally described was weak at best. Levitt and List uncovered the original data from the Hawthorne studies and found that many of the later reported claims about the findings are simply not supported by the data. They did find, however, more subtle displays of a possible Hawthorne effect. Some additional studies have failed to find strong evidence of the Hawthorne effect, and in many cases, other factors may also influence improvements in productivity. In situations involving worker productivity, increased attention from experimenters also resulted in increased performance feedback. This increased feedback might actually lead to an improvement in productivity. The novelty of having experimenters observing behavior might also play a role. This can lead to an initial increase in performance and productivity that may eventually level off as the experiment continues. Demand characteristics might also play a role in explaining this phenomenon. In experiments, researchers sometimes display subtle clues that let participants know what they are hoping to find. As a result, subjects will sometimes alter their behavior to help confirm the experimenter’s  hypothesis. While the Hawthorne effect has often been misrepresented and perhaps overused, Rogelberg notes that the term continues to be a useful general explanation for the impact of psychological phenomenon such as typical versus maximal performance, and socially desirable responding (i.e., faking good). So what can researchers do to minimize these types of effects in their experimental studies? One way to help eliminate or minimize demand characteristics and other potential sources of experimental bias is to utilize naturalistic observation techniques. However, it is also important to note that naturalistic observation is simply not always possible. Another way to combat this form of bias is to make the participants responses in an experiment completely anonymous or confidential. This way, participants may be less likely to alter their behavior as a result of taking part in an experiment. A Word From Verywell Many of the original findings of the Hawthorne studies have since been found to be either overstated or erroneous, but the term has become widely used in psychology, economics, business, and other areas. Despite this, the term is still often used to refer to changes in behavior that can result from taking part in an experiment.

Love Can Change the World - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 607 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/09/13 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Love can change the world. Not the romantic, head-over-heels kind of love, but selfless love. Selfless love is giving of yourself, your time, and your resources for the benefit of others. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Love Can Change the World" essay for you Create order It is caring about others’ quality of life and helping those in need. Changing the world will not happen by introducing people to a formula or giving them ten steps to make their lives better, but by showing them our love. What makes us human is our capacity to love. Love is that quality that erases prejudice and moves us to forgive, gives us peace of mind in a turbulent world, and keeps us sane. This kind of love starts with having compassion. When we live selfishly we have no concern for anyone else. All we care about is pleasing ourselves, and people around us often get hurt. Eventually we start using people and stepping on their toes because it makes us feel better or it advances us in our career or our popularity. We see no problem with using others because it benefits us and we do not even think about how they might feel. We do not care about those who suffer those who starve to death, or the people who are dying because they cannot go see a doctor. We do not think about others because we are too consumed with our own lives, because we have no love for anyone but us. What are the results of being so self-centered? India is the largest democratic country in the world, yet people suffer from depression, pain, and false relationships. People are confused because they can have anything and everything they ever wanted. They work their whole lives to please themselves, but they cannot figure out why that does not satisfy them. People are still left empty and looking for something else. We rarely stop to consider what we could do to make our world a better place. If we tried, we might just be blessed beyond imagination, and those who suffer would be taken care of. We have to take our eyes off ourselves to see the needs of others and to allow ourselves to feel compassion for them. We must have love. When we love, we will want to reach out to others, build relationships, and make a difference in the world around us. Love can move mountains. It can shake the foundation on which people live. Love can work miracles in the hearts of those who receive it, and we have the power to give it. Love sees broken souls and heals them. Love hears plaintive cries and answers. Love discerns a need and fulfills it. Love does not see color, race or features; love sees people. Just think what we can accomplish if everyone loved unselfishly? Sometimes, because of our experiences in life, we forget how to love but we should always remember that without love we lose the most important part of us. Without each persons love, the world is poorer and our hearts become, just an ice box. The power of love knows no boundaries, no walls. Love does not ask for anything in return. It is at times a self-sacrificing gift but it is given freely. For when we give love and see the difference that one act of love can make, the feeling is priceless, indescribable. And in that one moment, we get a glimpse of the power contained in each of us, the power, not to change the world, but to change a part of the world. And then we see the power of our love working in unison, the power to change the world.

Organ Trafficking Speech - 955 Words

ORGAN TRAFFICKING SPEECH Good afternoon, my name is __________ and I’m here to talk to you about a massive problem. A massive problem which unfortunately we’re still letting this happen. While listening to this speech, you might think this is the typical speech anyone who really didn’t care about this matter, could give, but I believe this matter concerns everyone, and that I’ve got the enough reasons to convince you about that, to change your mind. Do you want to take part in changing this horrible matter into something far more pleasant? Do you want to stop this horrible, apalling and terrifying illegal business? You, the great United Nations, still live without knowing the other dangerous and critical part of organ trafficking?†¦show more content†¦You are now the only people who can solve this problem, you are the only people who are going to solve this problem. What about tougher laws? People’s lifes in these countries are completely ruined, do you think they would also deal with bills, with jail? And what about sending doctors, who really know what they’re doing? They’re so many doctors in our country without any job, that a great percentage of them would do anything to get one. But in my opinion what would really stop this black dangerous and painful market, would be to set up a legal regulated market. Lets follow Iran’s example. They can tout the world’s only regulated transplant market and abundant organ supply, with the goverment offering donors $1,200 and free health unsurance. People wouldn’t feel scared of their actions, people would feel safe, safe and happy, as they haven’t felt for a really long period of time. They would also earn money, apart from life quality, you don’t want to take that from their lives do you? During their lives, they’ve just had problems, followed by even worse problems. Their time has come for their lives to change in a positive way. So what do I really want to achieve by giving this speech? Well, I need your help, they need your help. So act now! Don’t let this repeat one more time! Their safety it’s just in yourShow MoreRelatedMy Home Growing Up Essay1283 Words   |  6 Pagesat ASU that it all changed. My Human Event Professor, Professor Mina Suk pontificated unto us repeatedly: Do good things because you WANT to, not because you HAVE to. This was something that was contrary to what I learned growing up. It was that speech from her that forced me to confront the problems of the check list system. The checklist system did not work and it never had. For a while, I was lost. I did not know what to do. Everything for me was methodical. 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Ap Us History Dbq on Puritans Free Essays

AP ® United States History 2010 Free-Response Questions The College Board The College Board is a not-for-profit membership association whose mission is to connect students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the College Board is composed of more than 5,700 schools, colleges, universities and other educational organizations. Each year, the College Board serves seven million students and their parents, 23,000 high schools, and 3,800 colleges through major programs and services in college readiness, college admission, guidance, assessment, financial aid and enrollment. We will write a custom essay sample on Ap Us History Dbq on Puritans or any similar topic only for you Order Now Among its widely recognized programs are the SAT ®, the PSAT/NMSQT ®, the Advanced Placement Program ® (AP ®), SpringBoard ® and ACCUPLACER ®. The College Board is committed to the principles of excellence and equity, and that commitment is embodied in all of its programs, services, activities and concerns.  © 2010 The College Board. College Board, ACCUPLACER, Advanced Placement Program, AP, AP Central, SAT, SpringBoard and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of the College Board. Admitted Class Evaluation Service is a trademark owned by the College Board. PSAT/NMSQT is a registered trademark of the College Board and National Merit Scholarship Corporation. All other products and services may be trademarks of their respective owners. Permission to use copyrighted College Board materials may be requested online at: www. collegeboard. com/inquiry/cbpermit. html. Visit the College Board on the Web: www. collegeboard. com. AP Central is the official online home for the AP Program: apcentral. ollegeboard. com. 2010 AP ® UNITED STATES HISTORY FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS UNITED STATES HISTORY SECTION II Part A (Suggested writing time—45 minutes) Percent of Section II score—45 Directions: The following question requires you to construct a coherent essay that integrates your interpretation of Documents A-J and your knowledge of the period referred to in the question. High scores will be earned only by essays that both cite key pieces of evidence from the doc uments and draw on outside knowledge of the period. 1. In what ways did ideas and values held by Puritans influence the political, economic, and social development of the New England colonies from 1630 through the 1660s? Document A Source: John Winthrop, â€Å"A Modell of Christian Charity,† 1630. . . . wee must be knitt together, in this worke, as one man. Wee must entertaine each other in brotherly affection. Wee must be willing to abridge ourselves of our superfluities, for the supply of others’ necessities. Wee must uphold a familiar commerce together in all meekeness, gentlenes, patience and liberality. Wee must delight in eache other; make other’s conditions our owne; rejoice together, mourne together, labour and suffer together, always haueving before our eyes our commission and community in the worke, as members of the same body. . . . The eies [eyes] of all people are upon us. Soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our God in this worke wee have undertaken, and soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us, wee shall be made a story and a by-word through the world.  © 2010 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web: www. collegeboard. com. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -2- 010 AP ® UNITED STATES HISTORY FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS Document B  © 2010 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web: www. collegeboard. com. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -3- 2010 AP ® UNITED STATES HISTORY FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS Document C Source: The Enlarged Salem Covenant of 1636. In public or private, we will willingly do nothing to the offence of the church . . . We bin d our selves to study the advancement of the gospel in all truth and peace; both in regard of those that are within or without [church membership] . . . not laying a stumbling block before any, no, not the Indians, whose good we desire to promote . . We do hereby promise to carry our selves in all lawful obedience to those that are over us, in Church or Commonwealth, knowing how well pleasing it will be to the Lord . . . We resolve to approve our selves to the Lord in our particular callings; shunning idleness as the bane of any state; nor will we deal hardly or oppressingly with any, wherein we are the Lord’s stewards. Promising also unto our best ability to teach our children and servants the knowledge of God, and of His Will, that they may serve Him also; and all this not by any strength of our own, but by the Lord Christ . . Document D Source: William Bradford, after the colonists’ attack on the Pequot’s Mystic River village, 1637. It was a fearful sight to see them thus frying in the fire, and the streams of blood quenching the same; and horrible was the stink and scent thereof; but the victory seemed a sweet sacrifice, and they gave the praise thereof to God, who had wrought so wonderfully for them, thus to enclose their enemies in their hands, and give them so speedy a victory over so proud, insulting, and blasphemous an enemy.  © 2010 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web: www. ollegeboard. com. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -4- 2010 AP ® UNITED STATES HISTORY FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS Document E Source: A statement about education in New England, 1643. After God had carried us safe to New England, and wee had builded our houses, provided necessaries for our livelihood, rear’d convenient places for Gods worship, and settled the Civil Government: One of the next things we longed for, and looked after was to advance Learning, and perpetuate it to Posterity; dreading to leave an illiterate Ministery to the Churches, when our present Ministers shall lie in the Dust. And as wee were thinking and consulting how to effect this great Work; it pleased God to stir up the heart of one Mr. Harvard . . . Document F Source: Roger Williams, â€Å"A Plea for Religious Liberty,† 1644. God requireth not a uniformity of religion to be enacted and enforced in any civil state; which enforced uniformity sooner or later is the greatest occasion of civil war, ravishing of conscience, persecution of Christ Jesus in his servants, and of the hypocrisy and destruction of millions of souls.  © 2010 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web: www. collegeboard. com. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 5- 2010 AP ® UNITED STATES HISTORY FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS Document G Source: Nathaniel Ward, The Simple Cobbler of Aggawam, 1647. He that is willing to tolerate any religion, or discrepant way of religion, besides his own, unless it be in matters merely indifferent, either doubts of his own or is not sincere in it. . . . That state that will give liberty of consc ience in matters of religion, must give liberty of conscience and conversation in their moral laws, or else the fiddle will be out of tune, and some of the strings crack. Document H Source: John Cotton, â€Å"Limitation of Government,† 1655. Let all the world learn to give mortal men no greater power than they are content they shall use— for use it they will. And unless they be better taught of God, they will use it ever and anon. . . . No man would think what desperate deceit and wickedness there is in the hearts of men. It is therefore most wholesome for magistrates and officers in church and commonwealth never to affect more liberty and authority than will do them good, and the people good: for whatever transcendent power is given will certainly overrun those that give it and those that receive it. . . It is therefore fit for every man to be studious of the bounds which the Lord hath set: and for the people, in whom fundamentally all power lies, to give as much power as God in His word gives to men. . . . So let there be due bounds set—and I may apply it to families: it is good for the wife to acknowledge all power and authority to the husband . . . And so for children and servants, or any other you are to deal with: give them liberty and authority you would have them use, and beyond that stretch not the tether; it will not tend to their good nor yours.  © 2010 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web: www. collegeboard. com. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -6- 2010 AP ® UNITED STATES HISTORY FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS Document I Source: Robert Keayne, in his last will and testament, 1653. [My account books] . . . testify to the world on my behalfe that I have not lived an idle, lazie or dronish life nor spent my time wantonly, fruitlessly or in company keeping as some have beene too ready to asperse [criticize] me or that I have had in my whole time either in Old England or New, many spare houres to spend unprofitably away or to refreshe myself with recreations . . but have rather studyed and endeavored to redeeme my time as a thing most deare and precyous to me and have often denyed myself in such refreshings that otherwise I might lawfully have made use of. Document J Source: John Higginson, â€Å"The Cause of God and His People in New England,† 1662. My Fathers and Brethren, this is never to be forgotten that New England is originally a plantat ion of Religion, not a Plantation of Trade. Let merchants and such as are increasing Cent per Cent remember this. . . . that worldly gain was not the end and designe of the people of New England, but Religion. END OF DOCUMENTS FOR QUESTION 1  © 2010 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web: www. collegeboard. com. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -7- 2010 AP ® UNITED STATES HISTORY FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS UNITED STATES HISTORY SECTION II Part B and Part C (Suggested total planning and writing time—70 minutes) Percent of Section II score—55 Part B Directions: Choose ONE question from this part. You are advised to spend 5 minutes planning and 30 minutes writing your answer. Cite relevant historical evidence in support of your generalizations and present your arguments clearly and logically. 2. Analyze the political, diplomatic, and military reasons for the United States victory in the Revolutionary War. Confine your answer to the period 1775–1783. 3. Analyze the ways in which controversy over the extension of slavery into western territories contributed to the coming of the Civil War. Confine your answer to the period 1845–1861.  © 2010 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web: www. collegeboard. com. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -8- 2010 AP ® UNITED STATES HISTORY FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS Part C Directions: Choose ONE question from this part. You are advised to spend 5 minutes planning and 30 minutes writing your answer. Cite relevant historical evidence in support of your generalizations and present your arguments clearly and logically. 4. Analyze the roles that women played in Progressive Era reforms from the 1880s through 1920. Focus your essay on TWO of the following. Politics Social conditions Labor and working conditions 5. Explain the causes and consequences of TWO of the following population movements in the United States during the period 1945–1985. Suburbanization The growth of the Sun Belt Immigration to the United States STOP END OF EXAM  © 2010 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web: www. collegeboard. com. -9- How to cite Ap Us History Dbq on Puritans, Essay examples

Napoleon and the French Revolution Essay Sample free essay sample

The Gallic Revolution began as a motion against the subjugation of monarchical authorities and separationist powers within Gallic citizens ; an thought. manifested in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen. where work forces are born with natural freedoms. The Declaration ratified that â€Å"men are born and remain free and equal in rights. † and it was the duty of the Gallic authorities to continue those rights. After 10 old ages of revolution. the Gallic authorities eventually settled into an uncomfortable confusion. where the one time strong and clear ardor of rebellion had turned into an adrift effort at orderly authorities. While the thought of freedom was still noted within the Gallic. the people were so starved for leading that they were willing to accept anything or anyone that presented itself ; and in 1799. general Napoleon Bonaparte seized control of Frances authorities. A new signifier of democracy was proclaimed in which Napoleon straight controlled about all of the authorities. We will write a custom essay sample on Napoleon and the French Revolution Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Napoleon proceeded to govern France for the following 16 old ages. during which he rose to the self-proclaimed rubric of consul for life. so to Emperor Napoleon I by returning France to a monarchy. The radical epoch that had begun in an effort to restrict oppressive authorization had ended with a authorities much more monocratic than the old monarchy. In this sense. Bonaparte and his imperium were direct informers of the Gallic Revolution aim. While the creative activity of Napoleon’s imperium contrasted the radical purpose. there were facets of the Gallic Revolution retained by Napoleon. including a defined codification of Gallic Torahs patriotism within the Gallic people. At the beginning of the revolution. a rush of patriotism spread throughout the citizens as France joined together to take over their authorities. This sense of patriotism was lost in the ulterior old ages of revolution. until Napoleon arrived and the Gallic. one time once more. united under the strength of a motivated. capable. and determined leader. One of Napoleon is most celebrated accomplishments was his creative activity of the Napoleonic Code in 1804 ; though few of the Napoleonic Torahs correspond with the ideals of the revolution. the construct of a individual set of Torahs for all of France was continuously strived for during the revolution. but neer attained. However. during the revolution. Torahs were created to advance equality between work forces and adult females. every bit good as equality between all categories and rankings of citizen. Napoleon’s Torahs undid most of the statute law refering to women’s rights ; and though Napoleon did non convey back the old category system. he did make a system of rank based on demonstrated abilities. These changes. and others. wholly undermined the advancement that the revolution had made towards lawful equality. Throughout his reign. Napoleon Bonaparte drastically expanded France’s district through warfare between other European states. He began these wars while France was still to the full take parting in wars in the America’s. and still in an huge sum of debt from those wars. In fact. one of the chief motives for the revolution was France’s indignation at their ain government’s debt. and how that debt was impacting their lives. Though there was superficial bang in the chance of war and enlargement. the implicit in temper of the French was their weariness towards war. Napoleon’s legion wars aggravated adjacent European states every bit good as his ain state. After the reign of Napoleon. France was left in a really similar state of affairs as to how they were after the Gallic Revolution: war stricken. in debt. and without a incorporate cardinal authorities. Although Napoleon was a really prominent—mostly negative—aspect of the post-revolutionary clip. he left France with small impact on the people. other than advancing their hesitance towards future autarchy. In this sense. Napoleon’s really being was good to France because it warned them against state of affairss that might stop up like the Napoleonic Era.