Social Unrest, Political Disorder and the State Essay

Social Unrest, Political Disorder and the State - Essay Example Such simple arrangement came because of the detachment which Ireland had because of its land area. Much the same as any composed wrongdoing gathering or a fear monger gathering, the IRA has a strategy for working in a progressive way with selective participation and unequivocal guidelines (Mahan and O’Neil 1998, p.6) Although, IRA doesn't believe itself to be a sorted out criminal gathering in any capacity, neither as a mafia of any kind, however when dissected intently, it appears to have a chronicled foundation of being associated with crimes and psychological warfare. However, they have advanced from just a provincial worker insurance gathering to a mystery society which continually tested against business as usual. As per Mackenzie, there are various plans which mystery social orders have, extending from otherworldly, moralistic, energetic, and political to crimes (Mackenzie 1967). The IRA has encountered a comparative procedure of development throughout the years and work ed in a relating way in every one of the cases according to conditions. Besides, the IRA shares hierarchical qualities which befit just criminal business bunches with much center redirected towards their political objectives (Bell, 1997). For the reasons for dissecting the IRA and its system, ethnographical research strategy is regarded to be generally suitable. As per Hobsbawm’s perception (1969), in any persecuted society, there is consistently to be discovered a minority bunch which is happy to commit itself to defying the state of affairs. In that, a few people will pick constructive techniques and some will be slanted towards illicit intends to accomplish a similar end. One element that hangs out in the IRA is that it was fundamentally framed to speak more loudly against mistreating states of the workers in Ireland and the high level of medieval practices to smother the majority There was gigantic distress particularly after the intense 1800 Act of Union was passed by We stminster to make United Kingdom, which wound up restricting Ireland under its standard. This is a critical bend at the purpose of which the worker security bunch was constrained to make political move (Toolis, 1995). As there expanded the quantity of workers ready to battle for the political reason they all had faith in, the requirement for progressively sorted out development emerged and subsequently, the IRA was framed. ‘The Whiteboys’ and ‘the Oakboys’ alongside ‘phoenix’ were a forerunner in Ireland for framing such various leveled bunches for union and association with improved advancement. It turned into a sub-culture inside a sub-culture (Lambart, 2010). Something that gives them authority is their capacity to corner viciousness in their individual networks. Customarily, Ireland is known for its familial unit and fellowship, thus the ascent of the IRA has its underlying foundations in such a foundation. The individuals who were out of a ny safe methods for job looked for cover in such associations for shared security (Collins, 1986). The business as usual of the IRA relies upon the connection and fellowship arranges that it has created through rehearsing its hang on its locale. In the event that there is kept no check from the government’s side on their exercises, they spread their qualities and belief systems without any problem. Indeed, even there had been such lucky chronicled occasions for the IRA where their sub-culture has multiplied with evolving

Should Young Offenders Be Tried as Adults?

Should Young Offenders Be Tried as Adults? Before Victorian occasions there were no age locale for youthful wrongdoers and all who got in a tough situation with the law were send to grown-up jails. In our days wrongdoing is all over, kids and youngsters making violations beginning from medications and posses right to kill. Youthful guilty parties carrying out an ever increasing number of wrongdoings nowadays. For most youngsters and youngsters, falling into difficulty is a piece of the ordinary business of growing up, testing the limits and discovering ones spot on the planet. There are numerous reasons why kids and youthful people begin perpetrating wrongdoings: savagery at home, cash issues, exhausted arch, learning issues, poor lodging, accessibility of liquor and medications, companions impact, low evaluations at school and so forth. Should kids and youthful wrongdoers be dealt with uniquely in contrast to grown-ups? Social reformers battled to shield kids from risk and misuse. One of their key requests was that kids ought to be expelled from the grown-up jail framework and set in secretly oversaw establishments. Mary Carpenter, who contended that three sorts of establishments were required, free schools for the denied, mechanical schools for youthful transients and hobos, and reformatories for sentenced adolescents. (Rutheford, 1986) In England and Wales no kid might be liable of a criminal offense underneath the age of ten. Between the ages of ten and eighteen, youthful guilty parties are managed in what is currently alluded to the young court, recognizable in style and approach from the grown-up judges courts, which along with the Crown court, manage wrongdoers matured 18 or above. (Newburn, 2007) Children who are under ten years of age are not mindful and can't be held for their wrongdoings, they are excessively youthful of comprehension of outcomes of their activities, anyway in our general public today we hear more kids under age of ten perpetrating intense violations which they ought not be doing. For instance The Young siblings who exposed two different young men to an hour and a half assault including torment and sexual mortification the pair were imprisoned in January this year to serve at any rate five years. The media secured the case widely. The directing Judge had set a base detainment time of five years, in light of the fact that the hazard the litigants presented to the general population and their absence of evident regret implied that they were probably going to be bolted away for extensively more. (www.guardian.co.uk )The sentences gave to the two siblings who exposed a couple of young men to an assault including delayed savage savagery and sexual embarrassment, were suitable and won't be alluded to the court of advance, as per the announcement gave by lawyer general Lady Scotland. The preliminary appointed authority, Mr Justice Keith, imprisoned the sibl ings, for at least five years, yet the sentences were vague, which means they must be discharged if the specialists accept they represent no danger to society. It is essential to take note of that for this situation the youngster insurance administrations had bombed people in general. On the off chance that the office had made a move against the culprits and made intensive examination as the young men had a long record of savage assaults against other youngsters and grown-ups, this would have been forestalled. Youth between age 14 17 are completely liable for wrongdoings they perpetrate, however they are dealt with uniquely in contrast to grown-ups, then again if youthful guilty parties can carry out grown-up violations why they ought to be dealt with in an unexpected way? Newburn brings up a large number of the social reformers in the nineteenth century who crusaded to shield youngsters from peril and misuse requested that they ought to be expelled from the grown-up jail framework and set in state subsidized establishments. (Newburn, 2007) Children Act 1908 banned under 14s from jail and confined the detainment of 14 - 15 years of age. Youngsters with experience of care are probably going to be the most in danger of reoffending. This is on the grounds that they are regularly the most withdrawn from instruction, preparing and business, and are bound to abuse medications and liquor and have psychological wellness issues, which are all realize chance elements (Martin Stephenson, 2007). On th e off chance that youthful guilty parties will be dealt with a similar path as grown-ups it is more probable they will carry out violations once more, since they will be discharged from grown-ups jail and will have distinctive perspective at that point acknowledging from adolescent jail or care. Sway Holman brings up that the transition to bolt up youngsters mirrored a pattern among grown-up guilty parties. Between December 1992 and December 1993, the extent of wrongdoers imprisoned by Crown courts rose from 40 percent to 52 percent, with the jail populace arriving at a record almost 50,000. Guardianship must have a spot in any equity framework. A few people are so fierce, so criminal, that their freedom must be expelled so as to ensure others. (Holman, 1995) The Crime and confusion Act 1998 rolled out huge improvements the manner in which England and Wales courts are managing youthful guilty parties. Under rule, kids matured 10 to 13 were ventured to be unequipped for criminal expectation except if this purpose was demonstrated past sensible uncertainty. Since the 1998 Act there is not, at this point any lawful necessity for the criminal courts to assess a childs age while surveying their culpability. (Hayden, 2007) The number of inhabitants in youngsters housed in detainment facilities and other secure convenience is exceedingly poor. Right around 33% of youthful wrongdoers in authority have psychological wellness issues and over half have marginal learning challenges. The outcome is that kids in guardianship regularly have proficiency and numeracy ages about four to five years beneath their sequential ages. 33% was detailing that they ingest medications not get high, yet just to feel typical (Newburn, 2007) . The British Survey discover that prior year entering jail 13 percent of male youthful wrongdoers on remand and 11 percent of those condemned to guardianship has gotten help or treatment for a psychological or passionate issue. (Newburn, 2007) Taking everything into account youngsters and youths havent been constantly treated all that uniquely in contrast to grown-ups. Pre-adult is the period where youngsters seem to take part in against social exercises including wrongdoing. For the larger part there is a stamped fall in criminal conduct during early grown-up life, however a minority keeps on continuing in their culpable carrees. From various perspectives, consequently, comparable to controlling wrongdoing, the point has been the administration of this difficult populace. For the entire of the only remaining century and into this, youngsters and youthful guilty parties have additionally been viewed as a gathering requiring a methodology not quite the same as that utilized with grown-ups. (Newburn, 2007) Reference index www.homeoffice.gov.ukâ www.guardian.co.ukâ Hayden, C. (2007). Youngsters in a tough situation. New York: Palgrave Macmillanâ Holman, B. (1995). Youngsters Crime. Lion Publishing plcâ Martin Stephenson, H. G. (2007). Powerful Practice in Youth Justice. Canada: Willan Publishing Newburn, T. (2007). Criminology. Canada: Willan Publishingâ Rutheford, A. (1986). Becoming out of wrongdoing: Society and Young individuals in a difficult situation. Penguin

The Hawthorne Effect and Behavioral Studies

The Hawthorne Effect and Behavioral Studies Basics Print The Hawthorne Effect and Behavioral Studies By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 15, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on November 11, 2018 Nick David / Getty Images More in Psychology Basics Psychotherapy Student Resources History and Biographies Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming The  Hawthorne effect  is a term referring to the tendency of some people to work harder and perform better when they are participants in an experiment. The term is often used to suggest that individuals may change their behavior due to the attention they are receiving from researchers rather than because of any manipulation of independent variables. The Hawthorne effect has been widely discussed in psychology textbooks, particularly those devoted to industrial and organizational psychology. However, some of the more recent findings suggest that many of the original claims made about the effect may be overstated. A Brief History of the Hawthorne Effect The effect was first described in the 1950s by researcher Henry A. Landsberger during his analysis of experiments conducted during the 1920s and 1930s. The phenomenon is named after the location where the experiments took place, Western Electric’s Hawthorne Works electric company just outside of Hawthorne, Illinois. The electric company had commissioned research to determine if there was a relationship between productivity and work environments. The original purpose of the Hawthorne studies was to examine how different aspects of the work environment, such as lighting, the timing of breaks, and the length of the workday, had on worker productivity. In the most famous of the experiments, the focus of the study was to determine if increasing or decreasing the amount of light that workers received would have an effect on how productive workers were during their shifts. Employee productivity seemed to increase due to the changes but then decreased once the experiment was over. What the researchers in the original studies found was that almost any change to the experimental conditions led to increases in productivity. When illumination was decreased to the levels of candlelight, production increased. In other variations of the experiments, the production also improved when breaks were eliminated entirely and when the workday was lengthened. The results were surprising and the researchers concluded at the time that workers were actually responding to the increased attention from their supervisors. Researchers suggested that productivity increased due to attention and not because of changes in the experimental variables. Landsberger defined the Hawthorne effect as a short-term improvement in performance caused by observing workers. Researchers and managers quickly latched on to these findings, but later research has shown that these initial conclusions did not convey what really happening. The term Hawthorne effect remains widely in use to describe increases in productivity due to participate in a study, yet additional studies have often offered little support or have even failed to find the effect at all. More Recent Research on the Hawthorne Effect Later research into the Hawthorne effect has suggested that the original results may have been overstated. In 2009, researchers at the University of Chicago reanalyzed the original data and found that other factors also played a role in productivity and that the effect originally described was weak at best. Levitt and List uncovered the original data from the Hawthorne studies and found that many of the later reported claims about the findings are simply not supported by the data. They did find, however, more subtle displays of a possible Hawthorne effect. Some additional studies have failed to find strong evidence of the Hawthorne effect, and in many cases, other factors may also influence improvements in productivity. In situations involving worker productivity, increased attention from experimenters also resulted in increased performance feedback. This increased feedback might actually lead to an improvement in productivity. The novelty of having experimenters observing behavior might also play a role. This can lead to an initial increase in performance and productivity that may eventually level off as the experiment continues. Demand characteristics might also play a role in explaining this phenomenon. In experiments, researchers sometimes display subtle clues that let participants know what they are hoping to find. As a result, subjects will sometimes alter their behavior to help confirm the experimenter’s  hypothesis. While the Hawthorne effect has often been misrepresented and perhaps overused, Rogelberg notes that the term continues to be a useful general explanation for the impact of psychological phenomenon such as typical versus maximal performance, and socially desirable responding (i.e., faking good). So what can researchers do to minimize these types of effects in their experimental studies? One way to help eliminate or minimize demand characteristics and other potential sources of experimental bias is to utilize naturalistic observation techniques. However, it is also important to note that naturalistic observation is simply not always possible. Another way to combat this form of bias is to make the participants responses in an experiment completely anonymous or confidential. This way, participants may be less likely to alter their behavior as a result of taking part in an experiment. A Word From Verywell Many of the original findings of the Hawthorne studies have since been found to be either overstated or erroneous, but the term has become widely used in psychology, economics, business, and other areas. Despite this, the term is still often used to refer to changes in behavior that can result from taking part in an experiment.

Love Can Change the World - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 607 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/09/13 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Love can change the world. Not the romantic, head-over-heels kind of love, but selfless love. Selfless love is giving of yourself, your time, and your resources for the benefit of others. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Love Can Change the World" essay for you Create order It is caring about others’ quality of life and helping those in need. Changing the world will not happen by introducing people to a formula or giving them ten steps to make their lives better, but by showing them our love. What makes us human is our capacity to love. Love is that quality that erases prejudice and moves us to forgive, gives us peace of mind in a turbulent world, and keeps us sane. This kind of love starts with having compassion. When we live selfishly we have no concern for anyone else. All we care about is pleasing ourselves, and people around us often get hurt. Eventually we start using people and stepping on their toes because it makes us feel better or it advances us in our career or our popularity. We see no problem with using others because it benefits us and we do not even think about how they might feel. We do not care about those who suffer those who starve to death, or the people who are dying because they cannot go see a doctor. We do not think about others because we are too consumed with our own lives, because we have no love for anyone but us. What are the results of being so self-centered? India is the largest democratic country in the world, yet people suffer from depression, pain, and false relationships. People are confused because they can have anything and everything they ever wanted. They work their whole lives to please themselves, but they cannot figure out why that does not satisfy them. People are still left empty and looking for something else. We rarely stop to consider what we could do to make our world a better place. If we tried, we might just be blessed beyond imagination, and those who suffer would be taken care of. We have to take our eyes off ourselves to see the needs of others and to allow ourselves to feel compassion for them. We must have love. When we love, we will want to reach out to others, build relationships, and make a difference in the world around us. Love can move mountains. It can shake the foundation on which people live. Love can work miracles in the hearts of those who receive it, and we have the power to give it. Love sees broken souls and heals them. Love hears plaintive cries and answers. Love discerns a need and fulfills it. Love does not see color, race or features; love sees people. Just think what we can accomplish if everyone loved unselfishly? Sometimes, because of our experiences in life, we forget how to love but we should always remember that without love we lose the most important part of us. Without each persons love, the world is poorer and our hearts become, just an ice box. The power of love knows no boundaries, no walls. Love does not ask for anything in return. It is at times a self-sacrificing gift but it is given freely. For when we give love and see the difference that one act of love can make, the feeling is priceless, indescribable. And in that one moment, we get a glimpse of the power contained in each of us, the power, not to change the world, but to change a part of the world. And then we see the power of our love working in unison, the power to change the world.

Organ Trafficking Speech - 955 Words

ORGAN TRAFFICKING SPEECH Good afternoon, my name is __________ and I’m here to talk to you about a massive problem. A massive problem which unfortunately we’re still letting this happen. While listening to this speech, you might think this is the typical speech anyone who really didn’t care about this matter, could give, but I believe this matter concerns everyone, and that I’ve got the enough reasons to convince you about that, to change your mind. Do you want to take part in changing this horrible matter into something far more pleasant? Do you want to stop this horrible, apalling and terrifying illegal business? You, the great United Nations, still live without knowing the other dangerous and critical part of organ trafficking?†¦show more content†¦You are now the only people who can solve this problem, you are the only people who are going to solve this problem. What about tougher laws? People’s lifes in these countries are completely ruined, do you think they would also deal with bills, with jail? And what about sending doctors, who really know what they’re doing? They’re so many doctors in our country without any job, that a great percentage of them would do anything to get one. But in my opinion what would really stop this black dangerous and painful market, would be to set up a legal regulated market. Lets follow Iran’s example. They can tout the world’s only regulated transplant market and abundant organ supply, with the goverment offering donors $1,200 and free health unsurance. People wouldn’t feel scared of their actions, people would feel safe, safe and happy, as they haven’t felt for a really long period of time. They would also earn money, apart from life quality, you don’t want to take that from their lives do you? During their lives, they’ve just had problems, followed by even worse problems. Their time has come for their lives to change in a positive way. So what do I really want to achieve by giving this speech? Well, I need your help, they need your help. So act now! Don’t let this repeat one more time! Their safety it’s just in yourShow MoreRelatedMy Home Growing Up Essay1283 Words   |  6 Pagesat ASU that it all changed. My Human Event Professor, Professor Mina Suk pontificated unto us repeatedly: Do good things because you WANT to, not because you HAVE to. This was something that was contrary to what I learned growing up. It was that speech from her that forced me to confront the problems of the check list system. The checklist system did not work and it never had. For a while, I was lost. I did not know what to do. Everything for me was methodical. 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Ap Us History Dbq on Puritans Free Essays

AP ® United States History 2010 Free-Response Questions The College Board The College Board is a not-for-profit membership association whose mission is to connect students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the College Board is composed of more than 5,700 schools, colleges, universities and other educational organizations. Each year, the College Board serves seven million students and their parents, 23,000 high schools, and 3,800 colleges through major programs and services in college readiness, college admission, guidance, assessment, financial aid and enrollment. We will write a custom essay sample on Ap Us History Dbq on Puritans or any similar topic only for you Order Now Among its widely recognized programs are the SAT ®, the PSAT/NMSQT ®, the Advanced Placement Program ® (AP ®), SpringBoard ® and ACCUPLACER ®. The College Board is committed to the principles of excellence and equity, and that commitment is embodied in all of its programs, services, activities and concerns.  © 2010 The College Board. College Board, ACCUPLACER, Advanced Placement Program, AP, AP Central, SAT, SpringBoard and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of the College Board. Admitted Class Evaluation Service is a trademark owned by the College Board. PSAT/NMSQT is a registered trademark of the College Board and National Merit Scholarship Corporation. All other products and services may be trademarks of their respective owners. Permission to use copyrighted College Board materials may be requested online at: www. collegeboard. com/inquiry/cbpermit. html. Visit the College Board on the Web: www. collegeboard. com. AP Central is the official online home for the AP Program: apcentral. ollegeboard. com. 2010 AP ® UNITED STATES HISTORY FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS UNITED STATES HISTORY SECTION II Part A (Suggested writing time—45 minutes) Percent of Section II score—45 Directions: The following question requires you to construct a coherent essay that integrates your interpretation of Documents A-J and your knowledge of the period referred to in the question. High scores will be earned only by essays that both cite key pieces of evidence from the doc uments and draw on outside knowledge of the period. 1. In what ways did ideas and values held by Puritans influence the political, economic, and social development of the New England colonies from 1630 through the 1660s? Document A Source: John Winthrop, â€Å"A Modell of Christian Charity,† 1630. . . . wee must be knitt together, in this worke, as one man. Wee must entertaine each other in brotherly affection. Wee must be willing to abridge ourselves of our superfluities, for the supply of others’ necessities. Wee must uphold a familiar commerce together in all meekeness, gentlenes, patience and liberality. Wee must delight in eache other; make other’s conditions our owne; rejoice together, mourne together, labour and suffer together, always haueving before our eyes our commission and community in the worke, as members of the same body. . . . The eies [eyes] of all people are upon us. Soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our God in this worke wee have undertaken, and soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us, wee shall be made a story and a by-word through the world.  © 2010 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web: www. collegeboard. com. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -2- 010 AP ® UNITED STATES HISTORY FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS Document B  © 2010 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web: www. collegeboard. com. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -3- 2010 AP ® UNITED STATES HISTORY FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS Document C Source: The Enlarged Salem Covenant of 1636. In public or private, we will willingly do nothing to the offence of the church . . . We bin d our selves to study the advancement of the gospel in all truth and peace; both in regard of those that are within or without [church membership] . . . not laying a stumbling block before any, no, not the Indians, whose good we desire to promote . . We do hereby promise to carry our selves in all lawful obedience to those that are over us, in Church or Commonwealth, knowing how well pleasing it will be to the Lord . . . We resolve to approve our selves to the Lord in our particular callings; shunning idleness as the bane of any state; nor will we deal hardly or oppressingly with any, wherein we are the Lord’s stewards. Promising also unto our best ability to teach our children and servants the knowledge of God, and of His Will, that they may serve Him also; and all this not by any strength of our own, but by the Lord Christ . . Document D Source: William Bradford, after the colonists’ attack on the Pequot’s Mystic River village, 1637. It was a fearful sight to see them thus frying in the fire, and the streams of blood quenching the same; and horrible was the stink and scent thereof; but the victory seemed a sweet sacrifice, and they gave the praise thereof to God, who had wrought so wonderfully for them, thus to enclose their enemies in their hands, and give them so speedy a victory over so proud, insulting, and blasphemous an enemy.  © 2010 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web: www. ollegeboard. com. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -4- 2010 AP ® UNITED STATES HISTORY FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS Document E Source: A statement about education in New England, 1643. After God had carried us safe to New England, and wee had builded our houses, provided necessaries for our livelihood, rear’d convenient places for Gods worship, and settled the Civil Government: One of the next things we longed for, and looked after was to advance Learning, and perpetuate it to Posterity; dreading to leave an illiterate Ministery to the Churches, when our present Ministers shall lie in the Dust. And as wee were thinking and consulting how to effect this great Work; it pleased God to stir up the heart of one Mr. Harvard . . . Document F Source: Roger Williams, â€Å"A Plea for Religious Liberty,† 1644. God requireth not a uniformity of religion to be enacted and enforced in any civil state; which enforced uniformity sooner or later is the greatest occasion of civil war, ravishing of conscience, persecution of Christ Jesus in his servants, and of the hypocrisy and destruction of millions of souls.  © 2010 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web: www. collegeboard. com. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 5- 2010 AP ® UNITED STATES HISTORY FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS Document G Source: Nathaniel Ward, The Simple Cobbler of Aggawam, 1647. He that is willing to tolerate any religion, or discrepant way of religion, besides his own, unless it be in matters merely indifferent, either doubts of his own or is not sincere in it. . . . That state that will give liberty of consc ience in matters of religion, must give liberty of conscience and conversation in their moral laws, or else the fiddle will be out of tune, and some of the strings crack. Document H Source: John Cotton, â€Å"Limitation of Government,† 1655. Let all the world learn to give mortal men no greater power than they are content they shall use— for use it they will. And unless they be better taught of God, they will use it ever and anon. . . . No man would think what desperate deceit and wickedness there is in the hearts of men. It is therefore most wholesome for magistrates and officers in church and commonwealth never to affect more liberty and authority than will do them good, and the people good: for whatever transcendent power is given will certainly overrun those that give it and those that receive it. . . It is therefore fit for every man to be studious of the bounds which the Lord hath set: and for the people, in whom fundamentally all power lies, to give as much power as God in His word gives to men. . . . So let there be due bounds set—and I may apply it to families: it is good for the wife to acknowledge all power and authority to the husband . . . And so for children and servants, or any other you are to deal with: give them liberty and authority you would have them use, and beyond that stretch not the tether; it will not tend to their good nor yours.  © 2010 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web: www. collegeboard. com. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -6- 2010 AP ® UNITED STATES HISTORY FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS Document I Source: Robert Keayne, in his last will and testament, 1653. [My account books] . . . testify to the world on my behalfe that I have not lived an idle, lazie or dronish life nor spent my time wantonly, fruitlessly or in company keeping as some have beene too ready to asperse [criticize] me or that I have had in my whole time either in Old England or New, many spare houres to spend unprofitably away or to refreshe myself with recreations . . but have rather studyed and endeavored to redeeme my time as a thing most deare and precyous to me and have often denyed myself in such refreshings that otherwise I might lawfully have made use of. Document J Source: John Higginson, â€Å"The Cause of God and His People in New England,† 1662. My Fathers and Brethren, this is never to be forgotten that New England is originally a plantat ion of Religion, not a Plantation of Trade. Let merchants and such as are increasing Cent per Cent remember this. . . . that worldly gain was not the end and designe of the people of New England, but Religion. END OF DOCUMENTS FOR QUESTION 1  © 2010 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web: www. collegeboard. com. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -7- 2010 AP ® UNITED STATES HISTORY FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS UNITED STATES HISTORY SECTION II Part B and Part C (Suggested total planning and writing time—70 minutes) Percent of Section II score—55 Part B Directions: Choose ONE question from this part. You are advised to spend 5 minutes planning and 30 minutes writing your answer. Cite relevant historical evidence in support of your generalizations and present your arguments clearly and logically. 2. Analyze the political, diplomatic, and military reasons for the United States victory in the Revolutionary War. Confine your answer to the period 1775–1783. 3. Analyze the ways in which controversy over the extension of slavery into western territories contributed to the coming of the Civil War. Confine your answer to the period 1845–1861.  © 2010 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web: www. collegeboard. com. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -8- 2010 AP ® UNITED STATES HISTORY FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS Part C Directions: Choose ONE question from this part. You are advised to spend 5 minutes planning and 30 minutes writing your answer. Cite relevant historical evidence in support of your generalizations and present your arguments clearly and logically. 4. Analyze the roles that women played in Progressive Era reforms from the 1880s through 1920. Focus your essay on TWO of the following. Politics Social conditions Labor and working conditions 5. Explain the causes and consequences of TWO of the following population movements in the United States during the period 1945–1985. Suburbanization The growth of the Sun Belt Immigration to the United States STOP END OF EXAM  © 2010 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web: www. collegeboard. com. -9- How to cite Ap Us History Dbq on Puritans, Essay examples

Napoleon and the French Revolution Essay Sample free essay sample

The Gallic Revolution began as a motion against the subjugation of monarchical authorities and separationist powers within Gallic citizens ; an thought. manifested in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen. where work forces are born with natural freedoms. The Declaration ratified that â€Å"men are born and remain free and equal in rights. † and it was the duty of the Gallic authorities to continue those rights. After 10 old ages of revolution. the Gallic authorities eventually settled into an uncomfortable confusion. where the one time strong and clear ardor of rebellion had turned into an adrift effort at orderly authorities. While the thought of freedom was still noted within the Gallic. the people were so starved for leading that they were willing to accept anything or anyone that presented itself ; and in 1799. general Napoleon Bonaparte seized control of Frances authorities. A new signifier of democracy was proclaimed in which Napoleon straight controlled about all of the authorities. We will write a custom essay sample on Napoleon and the French Revolution Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Napoleon proceeded to govern France for the following 16 old ages. during which he rose to the self-proclaimed rubric of consul for life. so to Emperor Napoleon I by returning France to a monarchy. The radical epoch that had begun in an effort to restrict oppressive authorization had ended with a authorities much more monocratic than the old monarchy. In this sense. Bonaparte and his imperium were direct informers of the Gallic Revolution aim. While the creative activity of Napoleon’s imperium contrasted the radical purpose. there were facets of the Gallic Revolution retained by Napoleon. including a defined codification of Gallic Torahs patriotism within the Gallic people. At the beginning of the revolution. a rush of patriotism spread throughout the citizens as France joined together to take over their authorities. This sense of patriotism was lost in the ulterior old ages of revolution. until Napoleon arrived and the Gallic. one time once more. united under the strength of a motivated. capable. and determined leader. One of Napoleon is most celebrated accomplishments was his creative activity of the Napoleonic Code in 1804 ; though few of the Napoleonic Torahs correspond with the ideals of the revolution. the construct of a individual set of Torahs for all of France was continuously strived for during the revolution. but neer attained. However. during the revolution. Torahs were created to advance equality between work forces and adult females. every bit good as equality between all categories and rankings of citizen. Napoleon’s Torahs undid most of the statute law refering to women’s rights ; and though Napoleon did non convey back the old category system. he did make a system of rank based on demonstrated abilities. These changes. and others. wholly undermined the advancement that the revolution had made towards lawful equality. Throughout his reign. Napoleon Bonaparte drastically expanded France’s district through warfare between other European states. He began these wars while France was still to the full take parting in wars in the America’s. and still in an huge sum of debt from those wars. In fact. one of the chief motives for the revolution was France’s indignation at their ain government’s debt. and how that debt was impacting their lives. Though there was superficial bang in the chance of war and enlargement. the implicit in temper of the French was their weariness towards war. Napoleon’s legion wars aggravated adjacent European states every bit good as his ain state. After the reign of Napoleon. France was left in a really similar state of affairs as to how they were after the Gallic Revolution: war stricken. in debt. and without a incorporate cardinal authorities. Although Napoleon was a really prominent—mostly negative—aspect of the post-revolutionary clip. he left France with small impact on the people. other than advancing their hesitance towards future autarchy. In this sense. Napoleon’s really being was good to France because it warned them against state of affairss that might stop up like the Napoleonic Era.

elvis and the beatles essays

elvis and the beatles essays Arguably, the success of Elvis Presley and the Beatles can be attributed to both their talent as well as skilled management. Arguing whether an artist or group is talented relies heavily on how talent is defined. For this essay, talent will be defined as a marked innate ability to do something well. Indisputably, both Elvis and the Beatles were central figures in the evolution of Rock and Roll thus, what they did, they did well. Many assert that the Beatles wrote and played their own music and therein lay their talent. Unlike the Beatles, Presley did not write his own music, nor was he particularly aspired to. However, does that render him any less talented? He may not have been the best or the most consistent but Presley is undoubtedly a central figure in the development of Rock and Roll. He had an ear for music and a gift for incorporating pre-existing styles of music into his own unique style. Presley grew up as a poor white southern boy and was in a position to absorb rhythm and blues, country and western, white and black gospel, bluegrass, western swing and pop. His musical versatility and multifaceted appeal, over the years, helped to redraw the boundary lines of Rock and Roll. He was the first artist to blend blues and country into a new musical style called rockabilly. He had an unprecedented explosive and sexual stage presence. His charisma, energy and showmanship, though controversial, made him popular, especially with teenage girls. Vocally, Presley was versatile and powerful. He had a varied repertoire of music, which included early rock classics like Thats All Right Mamma and Heartbreak Hotel to sentimental love songs. Though music lovers may not appreciate all of Presleys songs, he certainly catered to a variety of tastes. Though some criticize his move away from the classic rock style that popularized him in the 1950s, Presley never claimed to be a purist. H...

Printable Worksheets, Projects and Forms for Homeschooling

Printable Worksheets, Projects and Forms for Homeschooling Printables by Subject: Fine Arts | Language Arts | Math | Science | History | Geography |P.E., Health, Safety Nutrition | Misc. Themes | Holidays | Homeschool Forms Printable worksheets for your students. Add these free printable worksheets, activity pages and coloring pages to your homeschool day for variety and fun. Holidays Printable Worksheets: Back to School PrintablesBlack History Month - Famous FirstsChristmas Symbols PrintablesTwelve Days of Christmas Printables12 Days of Christmas Coloring BookSanta and Other Traditions PrintablesChristmas - Nativity PrintablesCinco de MayoColumbus Day PrintablesEarth DayEasterEaster - religiousFathers Day Coupon Book and PrintablesFlag Day PrintablesFourth of JulyGroundhog Day PrintablesHalloween PrintablesHanukkahKwanzaaLabor Day PrintablesMardi Gras PrintablesMartin Luther King, Jr PrintablesMemorial Day PrintablesMothers Day Coupon Book and PrintablesNew Years PrintablesPassoverPresidents Day:~ George Washington~ Abraham LincolnSt Patricks DayThanksgiving PrintablesValentines DayVeterans Day PrintablesWomens History Month - Famous Firsts Fine Arts: Grandma Moses Coloring PageMusic Basics PrintablesMusical Instruments Printable Coloring Book Printable Homeschool Forms: Â  Printable Coloring Calendars 2011/12 School Year - August 2011 to July 2012Coloring Calendars 2011 - January - DecemberHomeschool Record Keeping FormsMy Kindergarten PortfolioMy Memory BookScience Report FormsSpecial Needs Forms Geography Printable Worksheets: Geography PrintablesAlabamaAlaskaArizonaArkansasCaliforniaColoradoConnecticutDelawareFloridaGeorgiaHawaiiIdahoIllinoisIndianaIowaKansasKentuckyLouisianaMaineMarylandMassachusettsMichiganMinnesotaMississippiMissouriMontanaNebraskaNevadaNew HampshireNew JerseyNew MexicoNew YorkNorth CarolinaNorth DakotaOhioOklahomaOregonPennsylvaniaRhode IslandSouth CarolinaSouth DakotaTennesseeTexasUtahVermontVirginiaWashingtonWest VirginiaWisconsinWyomingNunavut Health, Safety Nutrition Printable Worksheets: Dental HealthEat Your Vegetables History Printable Worksheets: Abraham LincolnBenjamin FranklinBlack History Month - Famous FirstsCaptain John Smith Coloring PageCivil WarConestoga WagonFirst Ladies of the U.S. Coloring PagesGeorge WashingtonJohnny Appleseed PrintablesLascaux Cave Paintings Coloring PageMark Antony Coloring PageMartin Luther King, Jr.Medieval TimesNative Americans of North America PrintablesNative American Research and Display FormsPaul BunyanPioneer LifePresidential ElectionPresidential InaugurationPresidents of the United States Worksheets and Coloring PagesRoute 66 Unit and Printables - Fantastic addition to the movie CarsUncle Sam Coloring PageWomens History Month - Famous Firsts Language Arts Printable Worksheets: Alphabet Coloring BooksHandwriting Practice PagesBiography Lesson Plan;Blog Writing ProjectDr SeussParts of Speech Math Printable Worksheets: Counting Pennies and NickelsCounting Dimes, Quarters and Half-dollarsAddition and Multiplication TablesTelling Time to the HourTelling Time to the Half HourTelling Time to the Quarter HourTelling Time to 10 minutes, 5 minutes, and 1 minuteTime Passage to the Hour, Half-hour, and Quarter-hour Physical Education Printable Worksheets: Aquatics: Diving, Swimming, Synchronized Swimming, Water PoloArcheryAthleticsBadmintonBaseballBasketballBoxingCanoe/KayakCyclingEquestrianFencingFootballGymnasticsHandballHockeyJudoMarathon Race Coloring PageModern PentathlonRowingSailingShootingSoftballTable TennisTaekwondoTennisTriathlonVolleyballWeightliftingWrestlingWalking LogWinter OlympicsWinter Olympics Coloring PagesYo-yo Unit and Printables Science Printable Worksheets: Science Report FormsBees PrintablesBirds PrintablesCreepy CrawliesDinosaur PrintablesEarthquake PreparednessAlbert EinsteinMagnetsNewtons Laws of MotionSimple MachinesSimple Machines Coloring BookReptiles Reptiles Coloring BookSolar System VolcanoWeather Seasons: SpringSummerFallWinter Sea Animals: Clam Printables; Clams Unit StudyCrab Printables; Crabs Unit StudyDolphin Printables; Dolphin Unit StudyEel Printables; Eel Unit StudyJellyfish Printables; Jellyfish Unit StudyLobster Printables; Lobster Unit StudyManatee Printables; Manatee Unit StudyOctopus Printables; Octopus Unit StudyRay Printables; Rays Unit StudySeahorse Printables; Seahorse Unit StudySea Turtle Printables; Sea Turtle Unit StudyShark PrintablesSytarfish Printables; Starfish Unit StudyWhale Printables; Whales Unit Study Travel and Transportation: Camping PrintablesStudebaker Cars Coloring PageTrains Coloring BookTrains PrintablesTravel Activity BookTravel Bingo Unit Study Printable Worksheets: Fire Prevention PrintablesMaple Syrup PrintablesKids Surveys - Surveys for Kids by KidsLets Play LibraryLets Play RestaurantLets Play StoreMy Kindergarten PortfolioMy Memory Book

Module 5, 6 and 7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Module 5, 6 and 7 - Essay Example The three aspects of consultancy that a consultant should be able to differentiate are intercultural, transnational or transnational and multicultural environments of consultancy. Intercultural consulting is where interactions occur across borders of two or more cultures, for example when an individual from a particular country goes to work in another country. It is important to identify the cultural patterns that distinguish national cultures or particular regions. These patterns may be found in proverbs and story lines that appear repeatedly in the literature, art and films of certain cultural societies. The idea is to learn as much as one can about that society. This will promote an understanding between the consultant and the individuals of the society they will be working in. it will also facilitate proper communication since the consultant will be knowledgeable about the things they should and should not do or say. The second type of environment is the transnational or transcultural consulting. This is whereby an individual or organization can identify with more than one nation or culture. This is good for the business as they can refer to a variety of cultures, languages and experiences as they carry out their work. Such individuals can also work as a bridge connecting particular cultures and languages which work in favor of the business. There is really not much difference between the transcultural and the multicultural as multicultural consulting refers to many different ethnicities, cultures and nationalities existing within the same organization. All of these will enable the business acquire more reliable information from experts who have had different experiences. Another factor that will favor the business is if the consultant has the necessary skills of inquiry. These skills are crucial to the business as they enable the consultant learn about the organization and

Taxation Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Taxation Project - Essay Example Are legal entities whereby the income flows to owners or investors; implication that income is treated as either income of the owners or revenue for the investors (Siegel & Shim, 2010). Basing on the local tax regulations, the structure can avoid dividend tax and even the double taxation since only investors and owners are always taxed on the income. They are usually considered as non-entities for tax purposes since they are not taxed but taxation flow through to other tax returns. Types of flow through entities include limited partnership, general partnership, scheme corporations, limited liability companies and master limited partnerships. This is a partnership where some of the partners are general whereby they are entitled to manage and control business while other partners are limited to the contribution of capital only. A legal document that stipulates specific requirements are usually drawn up for limited partnership. It a partnership whereby almost all partners has gone limited responsibilities depending on the jurisdiction. In this partnership, no single partner is held responsible for another partner’s misconduct or rather negligence. It should be noted that pass through entities pass profit/loss to owners/investors/shareholders and therefore do not pay tax on its income. The owners of the pass-through entities move items on their income tax return. Partners in their individual capacity are subject to tax as per their distributed shares through the net income of the entity. When it comes to corporations, taxes are charged differently for other kinds of business structures. A corporation is the only business type that must pay its income tax on the profits generated during a particular fiscal period. It should be noted that corporate is a separate entity from its owners; the tax is charged on all profits than

Definition And Classification Draft Media Essay

Definition And Classification Draft Media Essay Just one generation ago, internet was only accessible to scientists and researchers. However, Nowadays Facebook is accessible to everyone from toddlers to pensioners whenever they want. Furthermore, there are more Facebook users than automobiles in America (Pring, 2012). Considering numerous social media users engaged in or even stick to social media every day, we cant help wondering whether or not they have already been addicted to social media and what social media addiction is. Unfortunately, the virus of social media addiction spread rather swift among youngsters, and once injected, its even harder to resist than cigarettes and alcohol (Meikle, 2012).In order to handle this problem, I will provide a precise definition of social media addiction and specify some basic types of it in the following contents. According to Walker (2012), social media addiction is defined as a phrase when someone spending so excessive time on social media that it interferes the other aspects of his dail y life. And judged on diverse platforms they use, their habits and symptoms, social media addiction is classified into distinctive categories: Twitter lovers post whatever seems new to him, whether it is valuable or not; blog addicts try to response to every single question from readers and become frustrated if no questions are asked from fans; Facebook likers mostly communicate on virtual platform while they are unwilling to share news with others in reality (Marketo, 2012). Although there is distinctive difference among them, one point is similar: linking with social media accounts regardless of the time and it has inference his normal life. Concerning the situation where social media addiction is rather tough to resist, in the following paragraphs Ill offer some comments for addicts and tips on how to treat the disease. Comparison and contrast-The difference between addict users and normal users. Indeed, social media addiction is rather a newly discovered phenomenon since even Facebook came into existence to the public in 2004 (Carlson, 2010). However, since then there has been a steady inclination of social media addiction cases, there is no excuse for us not to recognize social media addicts explicitly. Therefore, in the following contents Ill contrast addict users with ordinary ones and deduce some particular traits. Compared with ordinary people, certain behavioral traits of social media addiction occur on them. First, unlike common people, they are more likely to be involved in virtual society activities, putting social network ahead of family and friends and regard it more fundamental than life basics such as studying, eating and sleeping. Gradually they become monks who, like many other addiction sufferers, resent anything around them and isolate from regular life and rely solely on social networking simultaneously. In addition to behavioral obstacles, they also suffer from psychological issues. Addicts can be panic, irritated and anxious even if they leave computers for daily tasks and treatments. In contrast, ordinary guys are able to maintain regular and basic socialization routines. Mental obstacle traits also include socially insecure and preferring communicating via virtual chatting than face- to-face (Anderson, 2012). As for micro scale, addicts are always struggling to tally to self-congratulatory status, updating their news about private life. They are relatively competitive but vulnerable compared with us when they compete with successful peers but only to find their life is rather plain. However, as ordinary people, these aspects are rarely noticed and concerned. Since its extremely easy to get lost in universe of social media, it is ones high priority to possess self-control. Therefore following 4 simple steps can aid those who addict to social media to get rid of addiction and return to ordinary life. At first stage, avoid or ignore requests and irrelevant recommend websites from unfamiliar sources. There is no need to accept every single request and get involved in valueless. After all, on average Facebook users will own 7 friends every month (Sanders, 2012). Hence we dont need those annoying extra requests. Once accepting too many requests, absolutely we will get into traps in the infinite universe of social networking. At second step, announce to our friends about our determination and decision, and let them supervise our behaviors. Why do we remain connected to Internet if we no longer need social media all the time? Disable network connection, stay offline for a while and tell our friends publicly. Why do we have to check Facebook and Twitter from time to time, and what if we refuse to check them regularly? Apparently, nothing severe will occur. Please dont hesitate to do so, for it will provide access to concentrate on work and study more. At first it might be tough to overcome some obstacles both mentally and physically. However, with the support from girlfriend/boyfriend, sibling, close friend, parent and classmate, the tendency to waste time on social media will decline by keep reminding us of how much time we have wasted. Furthermore, chatting with them will obviously enhance the relationship. At last stage, allocate time to other activities and go offline. Well be astonished to have a whale of time free for our private business. Moreover, our routine has returned to daily basis. Remember: we care because there are other things more important than Facebook in life (Syed, 2012). How to spend time on social media? As engaging in and being addicted to social media much faster and easier, students tend to spend more time on social media. However, as students, our principal aim is to achieve better academic performance rather than be a professional Facebook user. Considering that its easy to lose track of time while chatting online and that obviously some certain social networking sites can be addictive, sticky and hard to get rid of, Ill explain some strategies on how to distribute time on network intelligently. The most important strategy is to develop a routine while using social media. Having a regular task list is of vital importance to undergraduates not only in study but also in recreation. Follow the routine strictly and we will find it no longer unimaginable to reduce useless waste on social networking. There are some cute tools that can track how much time we spend on social media, and monitor our engagement on network. Throughout scheduling, analyzing and monitoring, they can ensure us to spend time more efficiently. Another strategy is to avoid over thinking about the content when coming up with a post. The more we think about it, the more time we will waste, and the more original ideas will diminish. After all, entertainment is not equal to study. The key to manage our time on social media is quality of interacting and keeping balance between study and socialization. Although its vital to build and maintain relationships with our friends and families, keeping balance and spend time properly still comes first. After all, there is no more time to waste when confronting with heavy workloads. Till Sep 2012, the number of Facebook users has reached up to 1.01 billion (Frank, 2012). However, according to a new study, plenty of students addict to social media and its hard for them to abstain from social networking for one full day (Finnegan, 2010). Given that they have obsessive usage of Social Medias and these behaviors imply addiction, Ill illustrate some effects of it in the following contents. The most direct effect of engagement in social media is becoming isolated and passive to life. As they overuse time and energy on virtual society, passionate towards realistic life declines gradually. Finally, instead of being brought closer to family and friends, they feel hurt and neglected, with ruined relationships. Moreover, because of the continuous flow of distraction from wired world, concentration on study and life will be lost. According to a recent study, on average Facebook users spend less time on study and consequently meet lower grades than others particularly becaus e of engaging on virtual communities simultaneously (Kush Griffiths, 2011). One dominant factor that contributes to this problem is that users dont maintain a rational social media usage schedule and dont have an explicit purpose for using. Moreover, addiction to social media also has a potentially negative threat to health. In order not to miss any news, the addicted users prefer to neglect sleep occasionally. However, they will deprive their sleep as a result of the bad habit, and at last, energy levels will decline and emotion will be far more irritable, short-temper or even depressed. Considering that addiction to social media has so many severe adverse impacts, we mustnt hesitate to take actions to cope with it. Therefore, in the following paragraph Ill explain how to distribute time on social media. Online Social Networking and Addiction Kuss, D.J. Griffiths, M. D. 2011 Aug 29 Publich Health http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3194102/

Criminological Theory and Burglary Essay

Scarce research is available on active offenders due to their unwillingness to corporate with researchers and past and convicted offenders may have changed their perspectives after being convicted or left their lifestyle of crime. The most reliable data on these offenses and their perpetrators may come from active burglars themselves. Richard T. Wright and Scott Decker’s book, Burglars on the Job seeks to explain the reasons why burglars commit the crimes they do. They have taken their research to another level by gaining the trust of active offenders in the St.  Louis area and gaining inside knowledge of these criminals’ daily lives and their crimes. This paper will address anomie and bond theories and how it relates to the offenders in this study and the socialization of these subjects into criminality and the street culture in which they live. Conventional Goals? According to Robert Merton’s anomie theory, people are not born criminals; they conform to the environment in which they live. Conventional means of reaching a goal are often more readily available to some than others in our society. Merton suggests that crime is a result of this bias due to the anomic culture in America. Our society places great emphasis on the â€Å"American Dream† but conventional means of reaching this goal are denied to some unfortunate individuals, placing strain on them. The burglars in Wright and Decker’s book have conventional goals, but lack the capacity to achieve them by conventional means. Burglar #30 Mark Smith says, â€Å"I didn’t have the luxury of laying back in no damn pinstriped suit. I’m poor and I’m raggedy and I need some food and I need some shoes†¦ So I got to have some money some kind of way. If it’s got to be the wrong way, then so be it. †(pg. 7) This burglar has the conventional goal of buying food and shoes but, as anomie theory suggest, does not have the conventional means of getting what he wants, therefore he commits crime to obtain the money to buy what he desires. Not every burglar in this study claimed to have conventional goals, drugs were a popular desire among these offenders as well. These burglars want to get high and party continuously, but rather than gain lawful employment to supply their habits, they would rather burglarize a residence to gain the financial means to keep the party going. This is evident in one burglar’s response to why he chooses to commit the crimes he does. Burglar #009 Richard Jackson replies, â€Å"You ever had an urge before? Maybe a cigarette urge or a food urge, where you eat that and you get to have more and more? That’s how the crack is. You smoke it and it hits you in the back of the throat and you got to have more†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (pg. 39) The majority of these offenders’ wanted the status and appearance of being successful, the â€Å"American Dream†, but lacked the resources or drives to reach their goals conventionally. The book describes the majority of the offenders as having very few resources in which to work with. Wright and Decker write, â€Å"Decent employment opportunities are limited for inner city residents and the offenders, who by large are poorly educated, unskilled, and heavy illicit drugs and alcohol users, are not well placed to compete for the few good jobs available. †(pg. 50) When field researchers asked them why they chose burglary over other legitimate means some replied that they were unable to gain suitable employment or they just didn’t want a job to infringe on their current lifestyles. Burglar #085 Tony Scott replied, â€Å"I ain’t workin’ and too lazy to work and just all that. I like it to where I can just run around†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (pg. 48) Some burglars wished to gain lawful employment, Wright and Decker write, â€Å"43 of the 78 unemployed subjects who said they did burglaries mostly for the money claimed they would stop committing offenses if someone gave them a good job. †(pg. 49) Since the overall expectation of these offenders’ was financially motivated, conventional goals are present as is innovation. Some of these offenders’ burglarized for drug’s, even burglarizing their drug dealer’s home, making them rebels instead of innovators. Burglar #24 James Brown says, â€Å"My house burglaries are based on dope dealers. † (pg. 66) Merton describes rebels as those who lack conventional goals and the conventional means of reaching them. I would even describe some of them as retreatist, according to Merton’s theory, as they use drugs and criminal behavior as a way to escape the pressures or strains placed on them. One burglar, Ricky Davis #015 describes how he burglarizes and spends his money on drugs, alcohol, and prostitution. He has unconventional goals, with no apparent desire to live a conventional lifestyle. He says, â€Å"I spend the money on something to drink, then get me some marijuana. Then I’m gonna find me a duck. † (pg. 42) Weak Social bonds A bond theory explanation would suggest that the offenders lacked adequate social bonds which, in turn, gave them the freedom to commit crimes. They did not have the parental guidance to steer them away from crime. The social bonds in Travis Hirshi’s bond theory are attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief. Several of these offenders seemed to be lacking in at least one of these areas. Attachment, or emotional closeness to others, was lacking in many of these offenders. They were more attached to the street culture than decent culture. Those offenders who did mention their families never spoke of engagement with them other than in the context of trying to borrow money from them or burglarizing them. This shows that these offenders had very weak, if any, attachment bonds. Most of these offenders’ had very little commitment either. As stated earlier, they had little education, no jobs, and no social networks to deter them from a life of crime. They had nothing or almost nothing to lose. The offenders’ involvement in conventional activities was also very limited. Their strongest involvements seemed to be with their â€Å"street life. † They felt that jobs or other conventional activities would damper their party time. Burglar #85 Scott says, â€Å"†¦ I ain’t got to go to bed at a certain time to get up at a certain time. Go to bed around one o’clock or whenever I want. Ain’t got to go to work and work eight hours. Just go in and do a five minute job, get that money, and that’s basically it. †(pg. 48) It is the quick and easy, with very little planning or effort, that makes burglary a choice crime for these offenders. While some offenders seemed to hold some conventional moral values, others seemed only to be thinking of themselves in their day to day activities. Burglar #13 Larry Washington states, â€Å"see, if you rob a person, they can identify you cause you lookin’ right at em’ you know? They lookin’ right at you and they can identify you. And armed robbery is what? Five to ten years? Or ten to fifteen years? † This offender prefers burglary over robbery out of fear of a harsher punishment for himself if caught. He shows no consideration of the victim. Burglar #79 Die Leo, on the other hand, did show some compassion for a victim in his statement, â€Å"I’d never personally rob a human being, like walk up to them and say, â€Å"Give me your wallet and give me your purse! † No Way! † Hirishi believed that all people are equally motivated to commit crimes but that motivation in itself was not strong enough to overpower their social bonds and push them into a life of crime. The lack of these social bonds gave them the freedom to commit their crimes, and the motivation was already present as it is in all people. The social bond theory generally sums up crime as it relates to their social bonds. As these bonds weaken and begin to deteriorate, the restraints that once bound you and kept you abiding by the law are loosened. This differs from anomie theory in that, anomie explains crime as being a result of strain placed on an individual from income inequality, socioeconomic status, etc. These theories are both plausible explanations as to why these offenders committed their crimes. High strain and lack of solid bonds may both play a vital role in criminal roles. Now let’s take a look at how socialization and self-control relate to crime. Socialization and Self Control Socialization into crime refers to an individual who conforms to the norms and roles in their given communities. I believe that these offenders criminality can be attributed to their socialization into an environment that values low self-control. The offenders in this study exhibited spontaneity in their decisions to commit burglaries, amplifying their lack of self-control. These offenders learned a great deal about their communities, the people who live in it and their vulnerabilities and so were able to commit their crimes putting forth little effort or planning. In my opinion there is a connection between criminality, low self-control, and the culture of immediate gratification. These offenders seem to have gone through a process starting off with socialization into street culture which leads them to a lack of self-control, and then the culture of immediate gratification. To simplify Gottfredson and Hirishi’s self-control theory, I would say that low self-control is related to crime and that need for immediate gratification and low self-control are connecting factors that contribute to criminal behavior. These offenders are accustomed to spending a lot of time on street corners with other offenders, learning the ways of the street, so to speak. This is their socialization period. Once they are socialized into crime they lose their sense of self control. These offenders apparently don’t have much guidance from their parents or others because they are allotted so much free time to commit their crimes. This tells me that their parents likely don’t have strong social control either. Once their social control is lost, they yearn for immediate gratification. They want things right now; they are not willing to wait until they can find a job and get it conventionally. All the research done by Wright and Decker has shed light on the lifestyle of an active burglar. As mentioned in the introduction, this research is scarce but could be much more reliable than research conducted with offenders who are no longer active burglars. This type of field research should be continued and expanded with all types of crimes, which may give us a better understanding of what drives people to commit them and in the long run may help us understand how to stop them.

Modern Teenage Issues Sex, Drugs and Alcohol Essay

â€Å"I was beyond wasted and so was just about everyone at the party that night, I was young and saw a cute guy (who was just as drunk as well) we started to flirt and he seemed like a nice guy. As the party came to an end, people left me and the guy had decided to crash there. That night we ended up having sex, we use a condom but the condom broke. A few weeks later I found out I was pregnant at 16, the guy ran out and wasnt there for the pregnancy nor the birth of his son.† This story is one of the millions of stories that teenagers are able to share with their friends at the lunch table every year. Although not every story may be as extreme, the partying that teenagers are involved in is becoming more and more severe. Children are growing†¦show more content†¦Research indicates that the brain continues to develop until age 21, and developing brains can be irreversibly damaged by alcohol. The restricted age limit put on alcohol is actually a very important number. 21 is the age that your brain is thought to be fully developed. The rule wasn’t just a pointless number; it was set for a reason and in order to keep people safe it should be followed. The next growing issue that seems to be occurring all over the U.S. is teenagers and smoking weed, chewing tobacco, smoking cigarettes, and participating in other harmful drug use. Teenagers can start using drugs for multiple reasons. Many try drugs out of curiosity, to party and have a good time, pressure put on by their friends, to relieve stress, anxiety, and depression. The use doesn’t typically lead to an addiction and there is no way to tell the amount of uses it takes for a person to get addicted to a substance. That varies from person to person. The use of any drug can become problematic. The most popular drug that is used by teenagers today is marijuana. 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